The noun singular and plural form We can see changing words mention below singular form to plural form they all are different Tree- trees, box- boxes, man- men, ox- oxen.
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Definition of singular and plural from of noun.
A noun that denotes one person or thing is said to be in the singular number. Now the definition of plural number, a noun that denotes more than one person or thing is said to be in the plural number.
Singular form of noun such as book, pen, fan, flower, tree, , boy, , boy, girl, sister, cousin, bottle, bag, chair, table, basket, , towel, cushion, etc.Plural form of noun books, pens, Flowers, birds, boys, girls, sisters, cousins, bags, chairs, tables, baskets, coolers, towels, cousins, etc.
Ways of forming plural forms of Nouns
1. by adding –s to the singularTree- trees, bird- birds, girl- girls, pen-pens, book- books, desk- desks etc.
2. When the noun ends with S, SH, Ch or X then we add ES to make plural form from singular.
tax-taxes, brush-dishes, kiss-kisses, box-boxes, branch branches, brush-brushes, pouch- pouches, fax-faxes etc.
3. By adding ES to the singular when the noun ending in O.
Hero-heroes, mango- mangoes, Buffalo-buffaloes, volcano- volcanoes, potato- potatoes etc.
Quarto-Quartos, photo- photos, logo- logos, commando -commandos, piano-pianos, memento- mementos, stereo- stereos, solo- solos, ratio- ratios, kilo- kilos etc.
5. When nouns end with Y and preceded by consonant, from there plural by changing Y into I and adding ES.
Bunny-bunnies, lady-ladies, city-cities, story-stories, army-armies, baby-babies etc.
6. When nouns ends with F or FE then we change F or Fe into Y and add ES.
Thief- thieves, elf-, shelf-shells, loaf- loaves, leaf-leaves, half- half, wife- wives, knife- knives etc.
7. Other words ending in F or Fe add S.
proof-proofs, cliff-cliffs, chief-chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs etc.
8. Some nouns have to change the inside vowel (a,e,i,o,u) of the singular form to form the plural form.
Laos-lies, goose-geese, man-men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice etc.
9. By adding EN to singular form to make plural form.Ox-oxen, child-children etc.
NOTE : We can use a noun fish as plural since in current English fish is usually plural form.
10. Some nouns are both singular and plural alike.Aircraft spacecraft species swine deer sheep etc.Dosen, score, gross, hundred, thousand, pair (when used after numerals). Example, the bangles cost me two hundred rupees.
11. There are some nouns which are used only in the plural form
Instrument name which have two parts Spectacles, tongs, pincers, bellows, scissors, etc.
Certain articles of dress Breaches, trousers, jeans , shorts, pajamas etc.
Certain other articles Thanks, nuptials, assets, obsequies, annals, chatters, proceeds etc.
12. There are some nouns which look plural but are in fact singular• Subjects name such as mathematics, physics, economics, electronics etc.• the Word News.• Some common diseases such as rickets, mumps, measles etc.• Some games such as billiards, draughts.
NOTE : The word ‘means’ is used either as singular or plural but then it has the meaning of ‘wealth’ it is always plural .Example : I achieved my goal by this means.My means are small.
13. There are certain collective nouns which are singular in form but always used as plural such as people, gentry, vermin, cattle, poultry, etc.Example, These cattle are mine.
NOTE : People mean a NATION so this noun is used in both singular and plural.
14. How to form plural of compound nouns
Singular Plural
Commander in Chief. Commanders in Chief
Daughter in law. Daughters in law
Looker on. Lookers on
Stepson. Stepsons
Son in law. Sons in law
Man of war. Men of war
So we noticed in above Examples that we add S to the principal word.
15. There are no plural of abstract nouns, they are uncountable
Kindness, love, death, hope, charity, etc.When such words do appear in the plural they are used as countable.Kindnesses- acts of kindness etc.
16.All substances name are uncountable so they have no plural form Iron, tin, wood, copper, gold, silver etc.When such words are used in plural form so there meaning changes and they become countable.Woods- Forest, Copper-copper coin, Iron-fetters etc.
Hindi translation
संज्ञा : एकवचन और बहुवचन रूप हम एकवचन रूप के नीचे बदलते शब्दों को बहुवचन रूप में देख सकते हैं, वे सभी अलग-अलग हैं। Tree- trees, box- boxes, man- men, ox- oxen.
एकवचन और बहुवचन संख्या की परिभाषा
एक संज्ञा जो किसी व्यक्ति या चीज़ को दर्शाती है उसे एकवचन संज्ञा कहा जाता है। अब बहुवचन संज्ञा की परिभाषा, एक संज्ञा जो एक से अधिक व्यक्ति या चीज़ को दर्शाती है उसे बहुवचन संज्ञा कहा जाता है।
एकवचन संज्ञा जैसे book, pen, fan, flower, tree, , boy, , boy, girl, sister, cousin, bottle, bag, chair, table, basket, , towel, cushion, etc.बहुवचन संज्ञा जैसे books, pens, Flowers, birds, boys, girls, sisters, cousins, bags, chairs, tables, baskets, coolers, towels, cousins, etc.
बहुवचन संख्या बनाने के तरीके
1. एकवचन में S जोड़करTree- trees, bird- birds, girl- girls, pen-pens, book- books, desk- desks etc.
2. जब संज्ञा S, SH, Ch या X के साथ समाप्त होती है तब हम ES को एकवचन से बहुवचन रूप बनाने के लिए जोड़ते हैं।tax-taxes, brush-dishes, kiss-kisses, box-boxes, branch branches, brush-brushes, pouch- pouches, fax-faxes etc.
3 .जब O में एकवचन संज्ञा समाप्त होती है तो हम उसमे ES जोड़कर बहुवचन संज्ञा बनाते है ।hero-heroes, mango- mangoes, Buffalo-buffaloes, volcano- volcanoes, potato- potatoes etc.
4. जब संज्ञा O पर समाप्त हो तो उसमे S जोड़कर बहुवचन सज्ञा बनाई जाती है। Quarto-Quartos, photo- photos, logo- logos, commando -commandos, piano-pianos, memento- mementos, stereo- stereos, solo- solos, ratio- ratios, kilo- kilos etc.
5. जब संज्ञाएं Y के साथ समाप्त होती हैं और व्यंजन Y से पहले आता है , तो वहां से Y को I में बदलकर और ES को जोड़कर बहुवचन संज्ञा बनाई
NOTE : a,e,i,o,u को छोड़जकर जितने भी अल्फाबेट होते है वो consonant (व्यंजन) होते है। Bunny-bunnies, lady-ladies, city-cities, story-stories, army-armies, baby-babies etc.
जाती है ।
6. जब संज्ञाएं F या FE के साथ समाप्त होती हैं तब हम F या Fe को Y में बदलते हैं और ES को जोड़ते हैं।Thief- thieves, elf-, shelf-shells, loaf- loaves, leaf-leaves, half- half, wife- wives, knife- knives etc.
7. F या Fe में समाप्त होने वाले अन्य शब्द जिनमे S जोड़ते हैं।proof-proofs, cliff-cliffs, chief-chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs etc.
8. कुछ संज्ञाओं को बहुवचन में बदलने के लिए एकवचन संज्ञा के अंदर के स्वर (a, e, i, o, u) को बदलना पड़ता है।Laos-lies, goose-geese, man-men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice etc.
9. बहुवचन रूप बनाने के लिए EN को एकवचन रूप में जोड़ते है ।Ox-oxen, child-children etc.
10. कुछ संज्ञाएँ एकवचन और बहुवचन दोनों सामान होती हैं।Aircraft spacecraft species swine deer sheep etc.Dosen, score, gross, hundred, thousand, pair (जब संख्या के बाद आये )Example, the bangles cost me two hundred rupees.
11. कुछ संज्ञाएं हैं जिनका उपयोग केवल बहुवचन रूप में किया जाता है
- साधन नाम जिसके दो भाग होते हैं।
Breaches, trousers, jeans , shorts, pajamas etc
>- कुछ अन्य संज्ञाएँ।
Thanks, nuptials, assets, obsequies, annals, chatters, proceeds etc.
12. कुछ संज्ञाएँ हैं जो बहुवचन दिखती हैं लेकिन वास्तव में एकवचन हैं।
- mathematics, physics, economics, electronics आदि जैसे विषय।
- News शब्द
- कुछ सामान्य बीमारियाँ जैसे rickets, mumps, measles आदि।
- कुछ खेल जैसे billiards, draughts.
13. कुछ सामूहिक संज्ञाएं हैं जो रूप में एकवचन हैं लेकिन हमेशा बहुवचन के रूप में उपयोग की जाती हैं।people, gentry, vermin, cattle, poultry, etc.Example, These cattle are mine.
NOTE : People mean a NATION so this noun is used in both singular and plural.
14. यौगिक संज्ञाओं का बहुवचन कैसे बनाएं।
Singular Plural
Commander in Chief. Commanders in Chief
Daughter in law. Daughters in law
Looker on. Lookers on
Stepson. Stepsons
Son in law. Sons in law
Man of war. Men of war
तो हमने उपरोक्त उदाहरणों में देखा कि हम S को प्रमुख शब्द में जोड़कर बहुवचन बनते हैं।
15. अमूर्त संज्ञाओं का कोई बहुवचन नहीं है, वे uncountable हैं।
Kindness, love, death, hope, charity, etc.जब इस तरह के शब्द बहुवचन में दिखाई देते हैं तो उनका उपयोग countable रूप में किया जाता है।Kindnesses- acts of kindness etc.
16. सभी पदार्थ नाम uncountable हैं, इसलिए उनका कोई बहुवचन रूप नहीं है। Iron, tin, wood, copper, gold, silver etc.जब ऐसे शब्दों का बहुवचन रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है तो अर्थ बदल जाते हैं और वे countable हो जाते हैं।Woods- Forest, Copper-copper coin, Iron-fetters etc.
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