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3 comparison of Adjectives for competitive exams (Basic)

So we have learned what the Adjectives are .. Today we will understand the concepts of Comparison of Adjectives. All rules regarding Comparison of Adjectives will be discussing. This chapter is important for all students.
Before going ahead you must know about adjectives and its 5 kinds


Comparison of adjectives

So, there are three degrees of Comparison and they are…
1. Positive degree
2. Comparative degree
3. Superlative degree
Now, we discuss these three Degrees of Comparison in detail….

Positive degree

Positive degree is simple form of adjective. Usually it is used to denote just existence of some quality. Simple form is used when no comparison is made.
For instance,
  • I am confident. In this sentence confident is simple form of adjective which is positive degree.
  • He was bad boy. In this sentence the word boy is simple form of adjective.
  • Is that car is good? Good is the simple form of adjective.
 

Comparative degree

So we can guess by the name that…there is a comparison between two things or in other words comparative degree denotes higher quality than positive degree of adjectives.

NOTE: IT IS USED WHEN TWO THINGS OR SETS OF THINGS ARE COMPARED. WHERE THINGS HAVE SAME STANDARD, SAME BASIS.
For example,
  • The boy is more confident than her. So in this sentence more confident comparative degree of adjective.
  • That day was worse than today. Hare worse is comparative degree.
Now we are discussing last degree of adjective

Superlative degree

So the word superlative degree means highest degree. Superlative degree denotes highest quality of adjective.
NOTE: IT IS USED WHEN MORE THAN TWO THINGS OR SETS OF THINGS ARE COMPARED.
  • Which is the best bag. Here best shows superlative degree.
  • She is the wisest girl in the class. So here wisest shows superlative degree of adjective.
We can notice above sentence that before superlative degree we used THE.

Comparative and superlative degrees


We are going to learn how to form the comparative and the superlative degree to the positive.

1. Most adjective of one syllable (sound of one vowel) and some of more than one, form the comparative by adding ER and the superlative by adding EST to the positive.

Positive degree 

Comparative degree(ER)

Superlative degree (EST)

Bold

Bolder

Boldest

Great

Greater

Greatest

Clever

Cleverer 

Cleverest

Young

Younger

Youngest

Kind

Kinder

Kindest

Tall

Taller

Tallest

Sweet

Sweater

Sweetest


2. When the positive ends with E, we only add R and ST to form comparative and superlative respectively.

Positive degree

Comparative degree (R)

Superlative degree (ST)

White

Whiter

Whitest

Wise

Wiser

Wisest

Large

Larger

Largest

Able

Abler

Ablest

Noble

Nobler

Noblest

Fine

Finer

Finest

Brave

Braver

Bravest


3. When the positive degree ends with Y, and consonant comes before Y then we have to change Y into I before adding ER and EST.

Positive degree

Comparative degree ER

Superlative degree EST

Merry

Merrier

Merriest

Easy

Easier

Easiest

Wealthy

Wealthier

Wealthiest

Happy

Happier

Happiest

Heavy

Heavier

Heaviest


4. When the positive degree is a word of one syllable (sound of one vowel) and ends with single consonant preceded by a short vowel, this consonant is doubled before adding ER and EST.

Positive degree

Comparative degree( ER)

Superlative degree( EST)

Hot

Hotter

Hottest

Thin

Thinner

Thinnest

Red

Redder

Reddest

Fat

Fatter

Fattest

Big

Bigger

Biggest

 

5. We put more and most before positive to make comparative and superlative, when Adjectives have more than two syllables.

Positive degree

Comparative  degree (more)

Superlative degree (most)

Beautiful

More beautiful

Most beautiful

Industrious

More industrious

Most industrious

Difficult

More difficult

Most difficult

Courageous

More courageous

Most courageous


There are some irregular comparison of adjectives.


Positive degree

Comparative degree

Superlative degree

Much (Quantity)

More

Most

Many (number)

More

Most

Far

Farther

Farthest

Late

Later, latter

Latest, last

Bad

Worse

Worst

Old

Older, elder

Oldest, eldest

 

  • The comparative degree is generally followed by than but comparative adjectives ending in -or followed by the preposition to.

Senior, inferior, prior, junior, posterior, superior, anterior.
Sita's intelligence is superior to Rama's.

Adjectives of qualities have no degrees. They are not compared.

Round, triangle, universal, perfect, etc.
We cannot say, more round or more perfect. But we can say, for instance, 
This is the most perfect Specimen I have seen.

Double forms of comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives.

  • Later, latter ; latest, last
Later and latest refer to time ; latter and last refer to position.
  • Elder, older ; eldest, oldest
Elder and eldest are used only of persons not of animals or things. Older and oldest used for both persons and things.
  • Farther, further
Both farther and further are used to express distance. Further is used to mean additional.

Hindi Translation

हमने सीखा है कि विशेषण क्या हैं .. आज हम विशेषण की तुलना की अवधारणाओं को समझेंगे…

विशेषण की तुलना (Comparison of Adjectives)

तो, तुलना के तीन डिग्री हैं और वे…
1. सकारात्मक डिग्री
2. तुलनात्मक डिग्री
3. सुपरलेटिव डिग्री
अब, हम इन तीन डिग्री की तुलना के बारे में विस्तार से चर्चा करते हैं।

सकारात्मक डिग्री

सकारात्मक डिग्री विशेषण का सरल रूप है। आमतौर पर इसका उपयोग कुछ गुणवत्ता के अस्तित्व को निरूपित करने के लिए किया जाता है। जब कोई तुलना नहीं की जाती है तो सरल रूप का उपयोग किया जाता है।
उदाहरण के लिए,
  • मैं आत्मविश्वास हूँ। इस वाक्य में आत्मविश्वास विशेषण का सरल रूप है जो सकारात्मक डिग्री है।
  • वह बुरा लड़का था। इस वाक्य में बुरा शब्द विशेषण का सरल रूप है।
  • क्या वह कार अच्छी है? अच्छा विशेषण का सरल रूप है।

तुलनात्मक डिग्री

तो हम उस नाम से अनुमान लगा सकते हैं कि ... दो चीजों के बीच तुलना होगी या दूसरे शब्दों में तुलनात्मक डिग्री विशेषण के सकारात्मक डिग्री की तुलना में उच्च गुणवत्ता (higher quality) को दर्शाता है।

NOTE : Comparative degree का इस्तमाल दो चीज़ो की तुलना करने के लिए किया जाता है पर वो दो चीज़ समान और एक ही आधार की होनी चाहिए। 
 
उदाहरण के लिए,
  • The boy is more confident than her. तो इस वाक्य में विशेषण more confident तुलनात्मक डिग्री है ।
  • That day was worse than today. Worse तुलनात्मक डिग्री है।
अब हम विशेषण के अंतिम अंश पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं

सुपरलेटिव डिग्री

तो सुपरलेटिव शब्द का अर्थ है उच्चतम डिग्री। सुपरलेटिव डिग्री विशेषण की उच्चतम गुणवत्ता को दर्शाता है।
NOTE : जब दो से अधिक वस्तुओ की तुलना करना हो तो सुपरलेटिव डिग्री का इस्तमाल करते है। 
  • Which is the best bag.  best सुपरलेटिव डिग्री दिखाता है।
  • She is the wisest girl in the class. तो यहाँ wisest  विशेषण की सुपरलेटिव डिग्री दिखाती है।
हम उपरोक्त वाक्य को देख सकते हैं कि सुपरलेटिव डिग्री से पहले हमने THE का उपयोग किया था।

तुलनात्मक और सुपरलेटिव डिग्री

हम सीखने जा रहे हैं कि सकारात्मक के लिए तुलनात्मक और सुपरलेटिव डिग्री कैसे बनाई जाए।

1. जब एडजेक्टिव में एक स्वर का साउंड आये तब पॉजिटिव डिग्री से कम्पेरेटिव डिग्री बनाने के लिए हम उसमे ER जोड़ते है और सुपरलेटिव डिग्री बनाने के लिए EST जोड़ते है। 

Positive degree 

Comparative degree(ER)

Superlative degree (EST)

Bold

Bolder

Boldest

Great

Greater

Greatest

Clever

Cleverer 

Cleverest

Young

Younger

Youngest

Kind

Kinder

Kindest

Tall

Taller

Tallest

Sweet

Sweater

Sweetest



2. जब E के साथ सकारात्मक समाप्त होता है, तो हम केवल R और ST को क्रमशः तुलनात्मक और सुपरलेटिव बनाते हैं।

Positive degree

Comparative degree (R)

Superlative degree (ST)

White

Whiter

Whitest

Wise

Wiser

Wisest

Large

Larger

Largest

Able

Abler

Ablest

Noble

Nobler

Noblest

Fine

Finer

Finest

Brave

Braver

Bravest




3. जब Y के साथ सकारात्मक डिग्री समाप्त होती है, और व्यंजन Y से पहले आता है तो हमें ER और EST को जोड़ने से पहले Y को I में बदलते है ।

Positive degree

Comparative degree ER

Superlative degree EST

Merry

Merrier

Merriest

Easy

Easier

Easiest

Wealthy

Wealthier

Wealthiest

Happy

Happier

Happiest

Heavy

Heavier

Heaviest


 
4. जब सकारात्मक डिग्री एक शब्दांश (एक स्वर की ध्वनि) का शब्द है और एक छोटे स्वर से पहले एकल व्यंजन के साथ समाप्त होता है, तो यह व्यंजन ER और EST को जोड़ने से पहले दोगुना हो जाता है।

Positive degree

Comparative degree( ER)

Superlative degree( EST)

Hot

Hotter

Hottest

Thin

Thinner

Thinnest

Red

Redder

Reddest

Fat

Fatter

Fattest

Big

Bigger

Biggest


5. हम तुलनात्मक और सुपरलेटिव बनाने के लिए सकारात्मक से पहले MORE और MOST जड़ते है, जब विशेषण में दो से अधिक शब्दांश होते हैं।

Positive degree

Comparative  degree (more)

Superlative degree (most)

Beautiful

More beautiful

Most beautiful

Industrious

More industrious

Most industrious

Difficult

More difficult

Most difficult

Courageous

More courageous

Most courageous



 विशेषणों की कुछ अनियमित तुलनाएँ हैं।

Positive degree

Comparative degree

Superlative degree

Much (Quantity)

More

Most

Many (number)

More

Most

Far

Farther

Farthest

Late

Later, latter

Latest, last

Bad

Worse

Worst

Old

Older, elder

Oldest, eldest

 

कम्पेरेटिव डिग्री से पहले आम तौर पर THAN आता है पर जब कम्पेरेटिव डिग्री OR  ख़तम हो तो उससे पहले प्रपोज़िशन TO लगते है। 
Round, triangle, universal, perfect, etc.
हम नहीं कह सकते, more round or more perfect.  लेकिन हम कह सकते हैं, उदाहरण के लिए,
This is the most perfect Specimen I have seen.

विशेषणों के तुलनात्मक और सुपरलेटिव डिग्री के दोहरे रूप

  • Later, latter ; latest, last
Later and latest refer to time ; latter and last refer to position.
  • Elder, older ; eldest, oldest
Elder and eldest are used only of persons not of animals or things. Older and oldest used for both persons and things.
  • Farther, further
Both farther and further are used to express distance. Further is used to mean additional.

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